spar als zelfstandig naamwoord: - 1
- 2
- 3
als werkwoord: - 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
spare als zelfstandig naamwoord: - 1
- 2
- 3
als werkwoord: - 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
als bijvoeglijk naamwoord: - 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
spar
zelfstandig naamwoord
1 spar
Any of various nonmetallic minerals (calcite or feldspar) that are light in color and transparent or translucent and cleavable.
Roget 214:
pendency†,
dependency;
suspension,
hanging
etc.
v.;
pedicel,
pedicle,
peduncle;
tail,
train,
flap,
skirt,
pigtail,
pony tail,
pendulum;
hangnail peg,
knob,
button,
hook,
nail,
stud,
ring,
staple,
tenterhook;
fastening
etc.
45;
spar,
horse.
... meer laten zien
Nederlands: holspaat, spaat
2 spar
A stout rounded pole of wood or metal used to support rigging.
Nederlands: rondhout
Pools: drzewce
3 spar
Making the motions of attack and defense with the fists and arms; a part of training for a boxer.
synoniem: sparring.
Roget 720:
contention,
strife;
contest,
contestation†;
struggle;
belligerency;
opposition
etc.
708.
controversy,
polemics;
debate
etc.
(discussion)
476;
war of words,
logomachy†,
litigation;
paper war;
high words
etc.
(quarrel)
713;
sparring
etc.
v..
competition,
rivalry;
corrivalry†,
corrivalship†,
agonism†,
concours†,
match,
race,
horse racing,
heat,
steeple chase,
handicap;
regatta;
field day;
sham fight,
Derby day;
turf,
sporting,
bullfight,
tauromachy†,
gymkhana†;
boat race,
torpids†.
wrestling,
greco-roman wrestling;
pugilism,
boxing,
fisticuffs,
the manly art of self-defense;
spar,
mill,
set-to,
round,
bout,
event,
prize fighting;
quarterstaff,
single stick;
gladiatorship†,
gymnastics;
jiujitsu,
jujutsu,
kooshti†,
sumo;
athletics,
athletic sports;
games of skill
etc.
840.
shindy†;
fracas
etc.
(discord)
713;
clash of arms;
tussle,
scuffle,
broil,
fray;
affray,
affrayment†;
velitation†;
colluctation†,
luctation†;
brabble†,
brigue†,
scramble,
melee,
scrimmage,
stramash†,
bushfighting†.
free fight,
stand up fight,
hand to hand,
running fight.
conflict,
skirmish;
rencounter†,
encounter;
rencontre†,
collision,
affair,
brush,
fight;
battle,
battle royal;
combat,
action,
engagement,
joust,
tournament;
tilt,
tilting [Mediev.];
tournay†,
list;
pitched battle.
death struggle,
struggle for life or death,
life or death struggle,
Armageddon†.
hard knocks,
sharp contest,
tug of war.
naval engagement,
naumachia†,
sea fight.
duel,
duello [It];
single combat,
monomachy†,
satisfaction,
passage d'armes [Fr.],
passage of arms,
affair of honor;
triangular duel;
hostile meeting,
digladiation†;
deeds of arms,
feats of arms;
appeal to arms
etc.
(warfare)
722.
pugnacity;
combativeness
etc.
adj.;
bone of contention
etc.
713.
... meer laten zien
werkwoord
1 spar
Furnish with spars.
Roget 713:
be discordant
etc.
adj.;
disagree,
come amiss
etc.
24;
clash,
jar,
jostle,
pull different ways,
conflict,
have no measures with,
misunderstand one another;
live like cat and dog;
differ;
dissent
etc.
489;
have a bone to pick,
have a crow to pluck with.
fall out,
quarrel,
dispute;
litigate;
controvert
etc.
(deny)
536;
squabble,
wrangle,
jangle,
brangle†,
bicker,
nag;
spar
etc.
(contend)
720;
have words
etc.
n..
with;
fall foul of.
split;
break with,
break squares with,
part company with;
declare war,
try conclusions;
join issue,
put in issue;
pick a quarrel,
fasten a quarrel on;
sow dissension,
stir up dissension
etc.
n.;
embroil,
entangle,
disunite,
widen the breach;
set at odds,
set together by the ears;
set against,
pit against.
get into hot water,
fish in troubled waters,
brawl;
kick up a row,
kick up a dust;
turn the house out of window.
... meer laten zien
Roget 720:
contend;
contest,
strive,
struggle,
scramble,
wrestle;
spar,
square;
exchange blows,
exchange fisticuffs;
fib†,
justle†,
tussle,
tilt,
box,
stave,
fence;
skirmish;
pickeer†;
fight
etc.
(war)
722;
wrangle
etc.
(quarrel)
713.
contend with
&c.,
grapple with,
engage with,
close with,
buckle with,
bandy with,
try conclusions with,
have a brush
etc.
n..
with,
tilt with;
encounter,
fall foul of,
pitch into,
clapperclaw†,
run a tilt at;
oppose
etc.
708;
reluct.
join issue,
come to blows,
go to loggerheads,
set to,
come to the scratch,
exchange shots,
measure swords,
meet hand to hand;
take up the cudgels,
take up the glove,
take up the gauntlet;
enter the lists;
couch one's lance;
give satisfaction;
appeal to arms;
etc.
(warfare)
722.
lay about one;
break the peace.
compete with,
cope with,
vie with,
race with;
outvie†,
emulate,
rival;
run a race;
contend for
&c.,
stipulate for,
stickle for;
insist upon,
make a point of.
... meer laten zien
2 spar
3 spar
4 spar
Moby betekeniswoordenboek: Chinese boxing, altercate, argue, argufy, bandy words, bar, bare pole, battle, beam, bicker, boom, bout, bowsprit, box, boxing, boxing match, brawl, broil, bumpkin, cant hook, cavil, choplogic, clash, claw bar, close, close fighting, club, collide, combat, come to blows, contend, contest, crank, cross swords, crossjack yard, crosstree, crow, crowbar, cut and thrust, differ, discept, dispute, dolphin striker, duel, exchange blows, fence, feud, fight, fight a duel, fighting, fisticuffs, flite, flying jib boom, fore jack, fore-skysail mast, fore-skysail yard, fore-topgallant mast, fore-topgallant yard, fore-topmast, foremast, foreroyal mast, foreroyal yard, foreyard, gaff, give and take, give satisfaction, gooseneck, grapple, grapple with, handspike, hassle, have it out, have words, infighting, iron crow, jack, jib boom, jigger, jimmy, join issue, jostle, joust, king post, lazy jack, lever, limb, lock horns, logomachize, lower boom, main-royal mast, main-royal yard, main-skysail mast, main-topgallant mast, mainmast, marlinespike, mast, masthead, mix it up, mizzen, mizzen-royal mast, mizzenmast, moot, outrigger, peavey, pedal, pettifog, pinch bar, plead, pole, polemicize, polemize, prize, prizefight, prizefighting, pry, pugilism, quarrel, quibble, rassle, riot, ripping bar, run a tilt, savate, scramble, scrap, scuffle, set to, shadowboxing, skirmish, skysail yard, spanker boom, spanker gaff, spars, spat, spreader, sprit, squabble, stick, strive, struggle, tack bumpkin, take sides, the clinches, the fights, the ring, thrash out, thrust and parry, tiff, tilt, timber, topgallant mast, topgallant yard, topmast, tourney, treadle, tree, try conclusions, tussle, wage war, war, whisker boom, whisker pole, wrangle, wrecking bar, wrestle, yard, yardarm ... meer laten zien.
spare
zelfstandig naamwoord
1 spare
An extra component of a machine or other apparatus.
synoniem: spare part.
Nederlands: reserveonderdeel
Pools: część zamienna
2 spare
An extra car wheel and tire for a four-wheel vehicle.
synoniem: fifth wheel.
Nederlands: reservewiel
3 spare
A score in tenpins; knocking down all ten after rolling two balls.
werkwoord
1 spare
Refrain from harming.
synoniem: save.
Roget 623:
abstain,
refrain,
spare,
not attempt;
not do
etc.
681;
maintain the even tenor of one's way.
eschew,
keep from,
let alone,
have nothing to do with;
keep aloof keep off,
stand aloof,
stand off,
hold aloof,
hold off;
take no part in,
have no hand in.
avoid,
shun;
steer clear of,
keep clear of;
fight shy of;
keep one's distance,
keep at a respectful distance;
keep out of the way,
get out of the way;
evade,
elude,
turn away from;
set one's face against
etc.
(oppose)
708;
deny oneself.
shrink back;
hang back,
hold back,
draw back;
recoil
etc.
277;
retire
etc.
(recede)
287;
flinch,
blink,
blench,
shy,
shirk,
dodge,
parry,
make way for,
give place to.
beat a retreat;
turn tail,
turn one's back;
take to one's heels;
runaway,
run for one's life;
cut and run;
be off like a shot;
fly,
flee;
fly away,
flee away,
run away from;
take flight,
take to flight;
desert,
elope;
make off,
scamper off,
sneak off,
shuffle off,
sheer off;
break away,
tear oneself away,
slip away,
slink away,
steel away,
make away from,
scamper away from,
sneak away from,
shuffle away from,
sheer away from;
slip cable,
part company,
turn one's heel;
sneak out of,
play truant,
give one the go by,
give leg bail,
take French leave,
slope,
decamp,
flit,
bolt,
abscond,
levant,
skedaddle,
absquatulat [U.S.],
cut one's stick,
walk one's chalks,
show a light pair of heels,
make oneself scarce;
escape
etc.
671;
go away
etc.
(depart)
293;
abandon
etc.
624;
reject
etc.
610.
lead one a dance,
lead one a pretty dance;
throw off the scent,
play at hide and seek.
... meer laten zien
Roget 681:
not do,
not act,
not attempt;
be inactive
etc.
683;
abstain from doing,
do nothing,
hold,
spare;
not stir,
not move,
not lift a finger,
not lift a foot,
not lift a peg;
fold one's arms,
fold one's hands;
leave alone,
let alone;
let be,
let pass,
let things take their course,
let it have its way,
let well alone,
let well enough alone;
quieta non movere [Lat.];
stare super antiquas vias [Lat.];
rest and be thankful,
live and let live;
lie rest upon one's oars;
laisser aller [Fr.],
faire [Fr.];
stand aloof;
refrain
etc.
(avoid)
623,
keep oneself from doing;
remit one's efforts,
relax one's efforts;
desist
etc.
(relinquish)
624;
stop
etc.
(cease)
142;
pause
etc.
(be quiet)
265.
wait,
lie in wait,
bide one's time,
take time,
tide it over.
cool one's heels,
kick one's heels;
while away the time,
while away tedious hours;
pass the time,
fill up the time,
beguile the time;
talk against time;
let the grass grow under one's feet;
waste time
etc.
(inactive)
683.
lie by,
lie on the shelf,
lie in ordinary,
lie idle,
lie to,
lie fallow;
keep quiet,
slug;
have nothing to do,
whistle for want of thought.
undo,
do away with;
take down,
take to pieces;
destroy
etc.
162.
... meer laten zien
Roget 953:
be temperate
etc.
adj.;
abstain,
forbear,
refrain,
deny oneself,
spare,
swear off.
know when one has had enough,
know one's limit.
take the pledge,
go on the wagon.
... meer laten zien
2 spare
Save or relieve from an experience or action.
3 spare
Give up what is not strictly needed:
— He asked if they could spare one of their horses to speed his journey.
synoniemen: dispense with, give up, part with.
Roget 784:
deliver,
hand,
pass,
put into the hands of;
hand over,
make over,
deliver over,
pass over,
turn over;
assign dower.
present,
give away,
dispense,
dispose of;
give out,
deal out,
dole out,
mete out,
fork out,
squeeze out.
pay
etc.
807;
render,
impart,
communicate.
concede,
cede,
yield,
part with,
shed,
cast;
spend
etc.
809.
give,
bestow,
confer,
grant,
accord,
award,
assign.
intrust,
consign,
vest in.
make a present;
allow,
contribute,
subscribe,
furnish its quota.
invest,
endow,
settle upon;
bequeath,
leave,
devise.
furnish,
supply,
help;
administer to;
afford,
spare;
accommodate with,
indulge with,
favor with;
shower down upon;
lavish,
pour on,
thrust upon.
tip,
bribe;
tickle the palm,
grease the palm;
offer
etc.
763;
sacrifice,
immolate.
... meer laten zien
Roget 678:
not use;
do without,
dispense with,
let alone,
not touch,
forbear,
abstain,
spare,
waive,
neglect;
keep back,
reserve.
lay up,
lay by,
lay on the shelf,
keep on the shelf,
lay up in ordinary;
lay up in a napkin;
shelve;
set aside,
put aside,
lay aside;
disuse,
leave off,
have done with;
supersede;
discard
etc.
(eject)
297;
dismiss,
give warning.
throw aside
etc.
(relinquish)
782;
make away with
etc.
(destroy)
162;
cast overboard,
heave overboard,
throw overboard;
cast to the dogs,
cast to the winds;
dismantle
etc.
(Render useless)
645.
lie unemployed,
remain unemployed
etc.
adj.
... meer laten zien
Roget 782:
relinquish,
give up,
surrender,
yield,
cede;
let go,
let slip;
spare,
drop,
resign,
forego,
renounce,
abandon,
expropriate†,
give away,
dispose of,
part with;
lay aside,
lay apart,
lay down,
lay on the shelf
etc.
(disuse)
678;
set aside,
put aside,
put away;
make away with,
cast behind;
maroon.
give notice to quit,
give warning;
supersede;
be rid of,
get rid of,
be quit of,
get quit of;
eject
etc.
297.
rid oneself of,
disburden oneself of,
divest oneself of,
dispossess oneself of;
wash one's hands of.
discard,
cast off,
dismiss;
cast away,
throw away,
pitch away,
fling away,
cast aside,
cast overboard,
cast to the dogs,
throw aside,
throw overboard,
throw to the dogs,
pitch aside,
pitch overboard,
pitch to the dogs,
fling aside,
fling overboard,
fling to the dogs;
cast to the winds,
throw to the winds,
sweep to the winds;
put away,
turn away,
sweep away;
jettison;
reject.
quit one's hold,
quitclaim.
... meer laten zien
Roget 927a:
be exempt
etc.
adj..
exempt,
release,
acquit,
discharge,
quitclaim,
remise,
remit;
free,
set at liberty,
let off,
pass over,
spare,
excuse,
dispense with,
give dispensation,
license;
stretch a point;
absolve
etc.
(forgive)
918;
exonerate
etc.
(exculpate)
970;
save the necessity.
... meer laten zien
4 spare
Use frugally or carefully.
bijvoeglijk naamwoord
1 spare
Thin and fit:
— The spare figure of a marathon runner.
synoniem: trim.
Roget 817:
economical,
frugal,
careful,
thrifty,
saving,
chary,
spare,
sparing;
parsimonious
etc.
819.
underpaid.
Roget 193:
little;
small
etc.
(in quantity)
32;
minute,
diminutive,
microscopic;
microzoal;
inconsiderable
etc.
(unimportant)
643;
exiguous,
puny,
tiny,
wee,
petty,
minikin†,
miniature,
pygmy,
pigmy†,
elfin;
undersized;
dwarf,
dwarfed,
dwarfish;
spare,
stunted,
limited;
cramp,
cramped;
pollard,
Liliputian,
dapper,
pocket;
portative†,
portable;
duodecimo†;
dumpy,
squat;
short
etc.
201.
impalpable,
intangible,
evanescent,
imperceptible,
invisible,
inappreciable,
insignificant,
inconsiderable,
trivial;
infinitesimal,
homoeopathic†;
atomic,
subatomic,
corpuscular,
molecular;
rudimentary,
rudimental;
embryonic,
vestigial.
weazen†,
scant,
scraggy,
scrubby;
thin
etc.
(narrow)
203;
granular
etc.
(powdery)
330;
shrunk
etc.
195;
brevipennate†.
... meer laten zien
2 spare
More than is needed, desired, or required:
— Sleeping in the spare room.
synoniemen: excess, extra, redundant, supererogatory, superfluous, supernumerary, surplus.
Roget 636:
stored
etc.
v.;
in store,
in reserve,
in ordinary;
spare,
supernumerary.
Roget 641:
redundant;
too much,
too many;
exuberant,
inordinate,
superabundant,
excessive,
overmuch,
replete,
profuse,
lavish;
prodigal
etc.
818;
exorbitant;
overweening;
extravagant;
overcharged
etc.
v.;
supersaturated,
drenched,
overflowing;
running over,
running to waste,
running down.
crammed to overflowing,
filled to overflowing;
gorged,
ready to burst;
dropsical,
turgid,
plethoric;
obese
etc.
194.
superfluous,
unnecessary,
needless,
supervacaneous†,
uncalled for,
to spare,
in excess;
over and above
etc.
(remainder)
40;
de trop [Fr.];
adscititious
etc.
(additional)
37;
supernumerary
etc.
(reserve)
636;
on one's hands,
spare,
duplicate,
supererogatory,
expletive;
un peu fort [Fr.].
... meer laten zien
Pools: zbytni
3 spare
Not taken up by scheduled activities:
— Spare time on my hands.
synoniem: free.
4 spare
Kept in reserve especially for emergency use.
Pools: zapasowy, rezerwowy
5 spare
Lacking in magnitude or quantity:
— A spare diet.
synoniemen: bare, scanty.
Roget 203:
narrow,
close;
slender,
thin,
fine;
thread-like
etc.
(filament)
205;
finespun†,
gossamer;
paper-thin;
taper,
slim,
slight-made;
scant,
scanty;
spare,
delicate,
incapacious†;
contracted
etc.
195;
unexpanded
etc.
(expand)
etc.
194†;
slender as a thread.
[in reference to people or animals]
emaciated,
lean,
meager,
gaunt,
macilent†;
lank,
lanky;
weedy,
skinny;
scrawny slinky [U.S.];
starved,
starveling;
herring gutted;
worn to a shadow,
lean as a rake
[Chaucer];
thin as a lath,
thin as a whipping post,
thin as a wafer;
hatchet-faced;
lantern-jawed.
attenuated,
shriveled,
extenuated,
tabid†,
marcid†,
barebone,
rawboned.
monomolecular.
... meer laten zien
Roget 640:
insufficient,
inadequate;
too little
etc.
32;
not enough
etc.
639;
unequal to;
incompetent
etc.
(impotent)
158;
weighed in the balance and found wanting;"
perfunctory
etc.
(neglect)
460;
deficient
etc.
(incomplete)
53;
wanting,
etc.
v.;
imperfect
etc.
651;
ill-furnished,
ill-provided,
ill-stored,
ill-off.
slack,
at a low ebb;
empty,
vacant,
bare;
short of,
out of,
destitute of,
devoid of,
bereft of
etc.
789;
denuded of;
dry,
drained.
unprovided,
unsupplied†,
unfurnished;
unreplenished,
unfed†;
unstored†,
untreasured†;
empty-handed.
meager,
poor,
thin,
scrimp,
sparing,
spare,
stinted;
starved,
starving;
halfstarved,
famine-stricken,
famished;
jejune.
scant
etc.
(small)
32;
scarce;
not to be had,
not to be had for love or money,
not to be had at any price;
scurvy;
stingy
etc.
819;
at the end of one's tether;
without resources
etc.
632;
in want
etc.
(poor)
804;
in debt
etc.
806.
... meer laten zien
6 spare
Moby betekeniswoordenboek: Lenten, Scotch, Spartan, abandon, abjure, absolve, abstain, abstain from, abstemious, accessory, additional, afford, agent, allow, alternate, alternative, amnesty, analogy, ancillary, angular, another, as a bonus, ascetic, austere, auxiliary, avoid, award, backup, balance, bald, bare, basic, bear, bestow, bonus, bony, cadaverous, candid, canny, careful, casual, cede, change, changeling, chary, chaste, cheeseparing, collateral, common, commonplace, comparison, conserve, conserved, conserving, contributory, copy, copyright, counterfeit, de trop, deliver, deputy, direct, discharge, disgorge, dispensable, dispense, dispense from, dispense with, dispose of, dividend, do without, donate, double, drop, dry, dull, dummy, dump, dwarfed, dwarfish, economic, economizing, elementary, endure, equal, equivalent, ersatz, eschew, essential, except, excess, exchange, exculpate, excuse, exempt, exiguous, exonerate, expendable, expletive, extra, fake, farther, fill-in, flat, flat-chested, fleshless, for lagniappe, forbear, forehanded, forgive, forgo, forsake, forswear, frank, free, fresh, frugal, fundamental, further, gangling, gangly, gaunt, gawky, get along without, get rid of, ghost, ghostwriter, give, give absolution, give away, give dispensation from, give quarter, give up, grant amnesty to, grant forgiveness, grant immunity, grant remission, gratuitous, gratuity, guard, have done with, have mercy upon, have pity, held, held back, held in reserve, held out, hold, hold aloof from, hold back, hold off, homely, homespun, homogeneous, idle, imitation, impoverished, in abeyance, in addition, in excess, in hand, in reserve, incidental, indivisible, irreducible, jejune, keep, keep alive, keep back, keep from, keep in hand, keep intact, keep inviolate, keep safe, keep up, kept, kiss good-bye, labor-saving, lagniappe, lank, lanky, lay aside, lay away, lay by, lay in, lay up, lean, lean-fleshed, lean-looking, left, leftover, leisure, leisured, let alone, let go, let go by, let have, let off, let up on, liberate, limited, locum tenens, maintain, make a sacrifice, makeshift, margin, matter-of-fact, meager, mean, melt, mere, metaphor, metonymy, mint, miserly, mock, modest, money-saving, monolithic, more, more than enough, narrow, natural, neat, needless, net, never touch, new, next best thing, niggardly, nonessential, not destroy, not endanger, not expend, not touch, not use, not use up, not waste, occasional, odd, of a piece, off, open, original, other, out-of-the-way, outstanding, over, over and above, overage, overmeasure, overplus, overrun, overset, overstock, oversupply, paltry, pardon, parsimonious, part with, part-time, pass up, patent, penny-wise, personnel, phony, pinch, pinch hitter, plain, plain-speaking, plain-spoken, pleonastic, plus, poor, pourboire, preserve, preserved, primal, primary, pristine, prolix, prosaic, prosing, prosy, protect, provident, provisional, proxy, prudent, prudential, puny, pure, pure and simple, put aside, put by, quitclaim, rawboned, recant, redeem, redundant, refrain, refrain from, register, relax, release, relent, relief, relieve, relinquish, remainder, remaining, remanent, remise, remit, render up, renounce, replacement, representative, reprieve, rescue, reserve, reserved, reserves, resign, retained, retired, retract, ringer, rustic, sacrifice, salt away, save, save the necessity, saved, saving, scant, scanty, scraggy, scrawny, scrimp, scrimping, scrimpy, second string, secondary, semiretired, severe, short, shrive, shun, side, sign, simon-pure, simple, simple-speaking, single, skeletal, skimp, skimping, skimpy, skinny, slender, slight, slim, small, sober, something extra, spare the price, spares, sparing, sparse, spidery, spindling, spindly, stand, stand aloof from, stand-in, stark, starvation, stingy, stint, stinted, stopgap, stored, straightforward, straitened, stunted, sub, subsistence, substituent, substitute, substitution, succedaneum, supererogatory, superfluous, supernumerary, superseder, supplanter, supplemental, supplementary, support, surplus, surplusage, surrender, surrogate, surviving, suspended, sustain, swear off, symbol, synecdoche, take pity on, tautologic, tautologous, temporary, tentative, thaw, thin, thin-bellied, thin-fleshed, third string, thrifty, throw up, tide, time-saving, tip, to spare, token, twiggy, ulterior, unadorned, unaffected, unapplied, unbeaten, uncalled-for, uncluttered, unconsumed, undergo, undersized, understudy, underweight, undifferenced, undifferentiated, unemployed, unessential, unexercised, unexpended, unhandled, uniform, unimaginative, unnecessary, unneeded, unnourishing, unnutritious, unoccupied, unpoetical, unspent, untapped, untouched, untrodden, unused, unutilized, unvarnished, unwasteful, uphold, utility, utility player, vacate, verbose, vicar, vicarious, vice-president, vice-regent, waive, waived, watered, watery, well afford, wiry, withheld, withhold, yield ... meer laten zien.
spared
Moby betekeniswoordenboek: absolved, acquitted, blotted, canceled, chartered, condoned, conserved, disregarded, excepted, exculpated, excused, exempt, exempted, exonerated, favored, forgiven, forgotten, immune, indulged, intact, irresponsible, kept, let off, licensed, overlooked, pardoned, permitted, preserved, privileged, protected, redeemed, released, remitted, reprieved, saved, shriven, unaccountable, unanswerable, unavenged, uncondemned, undamaged, unliable, unresented, unrevenged, unspoiled, unsubject, untainted, well-conserved, wiped away ... meer laten zien.
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